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ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช (ืžื™ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืœื ืก) ื‘ืงืจื‘?

ืด...ืื—ืจ ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคื™ืจ ืžื ื”ืจื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ืจื”. ...ื ื›ื ืก ืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœืžื ื”ืจื” ื”ืฆืจื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื”, ืืš ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื”, ืคืฉื˜ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืืคื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื ืก ืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืžื ื”ืจืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืืงื“ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื ื”ืจื” ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืชื—ืช ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื ื”ืจื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื—ืœืฅ ืืช ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื“ืจ, ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื“ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”.ืด ืžืชื•ืš ืืชืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”


ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘. ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœืดืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื’ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื ื”ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื›ื” ืœืœื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื’ืŸ ืื• ื ืฉืง ืžืชืื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื™ ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื•ืžืื™ื™ืžืช, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ืจืืชื” ืœืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ืคื•ื ื“. ืกื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืงืจื ืœื” Top-down. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื’ื™ื”, ื›ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืชื—ืฉืง ืœื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืชืืคืง, ื–ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” Top-down. ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื™ื™ื ืงืคื•ืื™ื, ื–ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” Top-down.


ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” Top-down ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื“ื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื“ื” ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื™. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœื• ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœืงืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ืกืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘.



ืกื’ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ - ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฆื”ืดืœ



40 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช
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